论恐怖主义的社会解构

作为一种极端的解构力量，恐怖主义对于国际秩序的威胁和损害不仅在于通过制造恶性事件以破坏国际社会的安全稳定，更在于借助销蚀主流价值而削弱国际秩序的观念基础。因此，国际社会有必要将评估和应对恐怖主义的社会解构纳入反恐治理的基本范畴。其中，以“伊斯兰国”组织为代表的恐怖主义力量进行社会解构的行为策略，可以分为以动摇当代领土政治、颠覆主流生命伦理和创设替代政治秩序为主要构成的重释再造，以动员恐怖袭击、滋长恐怖气氛和催生仇恨敌对为主要构成的“木马”植入，以“黑色经济”“黑色宣传”和“黑色技术”为主要构成的反向利用。目前，国际社会的反恐路径注重结合预防恐怖主义的内向防御逻辑与打击恐怖主义的外向进攻逻辑。沿着这一思路，国际社会可以综合采取加强反恐实践中的逆向战略、修正反恐叙事中的敌意话语和联通反恐治理中的不同系统等多种举措以应对恐怖主义的社会解构。     

“3M视角”下国外去极端化经验及对我国的启示

随着ISIS成员返回其来源国,如何实现对宗教极端主义者的转化已成为摆在国际社会面前的难题。可在去极端的三个阶段同时采取宏观(macro).中观(meso)、微观(micro)三个维度(即“3M视角”)的措施,构建完整的去极端化模型。去极端工作需要政府主导,全社会共同参与;去极端化措施要综合运用温和和强硬策略;实现认知上的去极端化必须具有细致可行的善后关注计划。     

美国国内恐怖袭击新态势与原因探析

特朗普政府延续奥巴马政府后期的反恐战略,采取国际"收缩"战略,把反恐重点转移到国内,但美国国内恐怖袭击不仅没有减少反而急遽增加。依据全球恐怖主义数据库(GTD)关于美国国内恐怖袭击的数据分析,当前美国国内恐怖袭击呈现出"独狼式""无领袖"和"分散化"的特点,总体上恐袭频率加快、烈度增强。具体表现在:种族极端主义恐袭日益突出、"圣战"恐袭持续增多、宗教极端主义恐袭愈演愈烈以及对政府等公权力部门的恐袭不断上升等。特朗普实施不当的反恐政策是触发当前新一轮恐袭的重要原因,但究其根源,更在于美国国内根深蒂固的种族主义矛盾、由来已久的"伊斯兰恐惧症"以及资本主义自身不可调解的内在矛盾。特朗普政府要解决美国国内恐怖袭击问题任重而道远。     

从“女性工作者”到“女性领导者”--浅谈御茶水女子大学课程设置的变化

由于日本教育理念和培养目标的变化，御茶水女子大学的课程设置也随之改变，力求更加适应社会进步和科技发展。伴随女性自我意识的不断觉醒，御茶水女子大学在坚持自身特色的同时也增设了许多非女性传统的课程，尤其是理学部蓬勃发展，突破了传统女子大学的课程设置方式，向综合化大学靠拢。御茶水女子大学的培养目标从“培养女性工作者”转变为“培养女性领导者”，这是日本乃至整个世界女性逐渐独立、崛起最好的证明。     

PAKISTAN’S CRISIS OF GOVERNANCE AND THE RESURGENCE OF TERRORIST VIOLENCE SINCE AUGUST 2016

Fifteen years since joining the US-led anti-terrorism coalition, Pakistan’s response to the challenges of terroristic violence and extremist indoctrination and propaganda remain military-centric and kinetic. Since August 2016, after a brief lull, Pakistan has experienced a resurgence of terrorist activity and violence that has struck all of its provinces and placed its capital on high alert. The re-escalation in the level of terrorist violence began with the August 8, 2016, attacks in Quetta, which left over 70 dead and more than 100 injured. The lack of response from the provincial and federal governments to this carnage, led the Supreme Court of Pakistan to exercise its authority under Article 184(3) of the Constitution and establish an Inquiry Commission to examine the state of the investigation and report on the challenges faced in the struggle against terrorism and extremism. This inquiry assumed the form and substance of an audit of the performance of Pakistan’s institutions and exposed the link between the country’s crisis of governance and its incoherent response to terrorism and extremism at all levels of government. The implications of the inquiry report are both broad and deep, and reveal that Pakistan’s trajectory remains that of civilian administrative breakdown and institutional exhaustion. This indicates that Pakistan’s civilian-military balance continues to shift in structural terms in favour of the latter and that beneath a veneer of constitutional democracy, the arbitrary, unwise, and inefficient, exercise of power by the political class continues to hollow out the country’s administrative institutions.     

伦理学视域下的民生幸福与服务型政府建设

民生幸福是人类社会发展共同的价值追求,体现了我们党执政伦理的价值目标,体现了当代中国社会发展观念的转变。当今社会,贫困和收入差距成为影响民生幸福的经济因素;制度和决策的偏差与不公正成为影响民生幸福的政治因素;传统的发展观念带来的一系列社会问题成为影响民生幸福的社会因素。当今的社会背景之下,建设服务型政府,是实现民生幸福的有效途径。     

新时期公安机关绩效管理探讨

绩效考核是一把双刃剑,考核合理可以推动公安管理效能,反之,则挫伤民警的工作积极性,影响公安机关的长远发展。公安机关绩效管理应以有利于公安工作的长远发展为目标,坚持正确的价值取向,积极引进先进的绩效管理工具,不断完善公安机关绩效考核机制,促进公安工作创新,提升公安工作效率,实现公安机关的可持续发展。     

Vice-Premier Li Hsien-Nien gives Banquet in name of Premier Chou En-Lai for Madame Marcos

This article provides empirical light on the debate concerning whether manufacturing firms in China are becoming major innovators. Based on an innovation survey carried out in Jiangsu Province, the article finds that most firms engage in innovative activities but these are mainly of an incremental nature. Radical innovation, as a proportion of sales, is relatively low if compared internationally. Innovation in China is mainly to catch-up and is novel relative to the firm and the domestic market. A small proportion of innovation is new to the world. Intensity and productivity indicators suggest that small, foreign and textile firms are leading innovative efforts. Firms innovate to improve their general competitiveness, including improving product quality and extending market share, obtain income from technology and defend themselves from research and development expenditure by competitors. Innovators value significantly more than non-innovators the range of innovative objectives they seek to achieve. The main obstacles to innovation arise from technical and marketing weaknesses; the perception of these obstacles varies widely between radical innovators and non-innovators. The article concludes that while innovative activities are emerging it will still take some time for China to have a major role in the international division of innovative labour.     

Creating the National/Border Security Nexus: Counter-Terrorist Operations and Monitoring Middle Eastern and North African Visitors to the UK in the 1970s–1980s

Abstract

This article looks at an earlier episode in the history of the UK border security apparatus by examining how the immigration control system was used in the 1970s and 1980s to detect potential terrorists from the Middle East and North Africa. Using recently opened archival records, it shows that the UK government introduced a strict system of visa checks, interviews, and other measures to nearly all Middle Eastern and North African visitors to the UK to prevent the entry of suspected terrorist personnel. By using these highly arbitrary measures, it became the modus operandi of the UK authorities to treat all Middle Eastern and North Africans as potential terrorists until convinced otherwise.